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12/12/2017
Coffee consumption has been studied in relation to numerous chronic diseases as well as in relation to cause-specific and all-cause mortality. Meta-analyses have found a threshold intake of 3 or more cups of coffee per day to be associated with lower morbidity and mortality in the general population. In a study published in the Journal of Hepatology (2017), researchers investigated the association between coffee consumption and mortality in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV).
12/5/2017
Burnout Syndrome is a subjective condition with no clear definition and no established diagnostic criteria. Burnout syndrome is generally characterized by emotional exhaustion and decreased satisfaction in physical performance as a result of chronic stress. Symptoms might include fatigue, lack of concentration, or decreased sexual function. Risks might include subsequent depression, anxiety, or other chronic disease.
11/28/2017
The Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) study is a population-based, case-control study designed to evaluate associations between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and a variety of genetic and environmental risk factors. Participants in the CHARGE study were children born in 2000-2007 of mothers who lived in the agricultural area of the California Central Valley or the urban and suburban areas of Sacramento and the San Francisco Bay Area during pregnancy.
11/21/2017
Heart failure most often begins with diastolic dysfunction, marked by increased rigidity of the myocardium and slower ventricular relaxation. Myocardial rigidity is the result of changes to the extracellular matrix of the myocardium, with increased collagen, increased fibronectin, and reduced elastin—mediated by activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Vitamin D has been shown to stimulate tissue inhibitors of MMPs as well as suppress inflammatory pathways, preventing excessive degradation of the extracellular matrix.
11/14/2017
Short sleep duration and poor diet have independently been associated with obesity, but little is known about the interaction between these 2 variables. A study published by Doo and Kim in Nutrients (2017) examined how the effect of sleep duration on obesity might be modified by consumption of dietary antioxidants.
11/7/2017
Early menopause is defined as the natural cessation of menses before the age of 45 years. It is estimated to affect approximately 10% of women and is associated with a greater risk for osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decline. Early menopause likely results from a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, including diet. It is plausible that calcium and vitamin D may influence the risk of early menopause, as these nutrients have been implicated in other reproductive conditions, including polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and premenstrual syndrome.
10/31/2017
Sulforaphane is an organosulfur compound that naturally occurs in broccoli sprouts and other cruciferous vegetables. A research article, published in Science Translational Medicine in 2017, summarizes the work of Axelsson and colleagues on the effects of sulforaphane in type 2 diabetes. Their research includes genomic analyses, in vitro studies, animal models, and a human clinical trial.
10/24/2017
Sarcopenia is defined as an age-related decline in muscle mass and muscle strength. One proposed mechanism of sarcopenia pathophysiology is a decrease in autophagy—a process that degrades and recycles cellular components to maintain cellular health. Studies have shown that autophagy is deficient in aging muscle cells and that deficient autophagy may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage.
10/17/2017
Standardized Ginkgo biloba extract contains polyphenols, flavonoids, terpene lactones, and other compounds that offer potential benefits for cognitive and physical performance. In a 2017 study published in Nutrients, researchers evaluated the effects of Ginkgo biloba supplementation on aerobic performance, blood antioxidant capacity, and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in physically active, college-aged men.
10/10/2017
Magnesium is an essential cofactor for hundreds of biochemical pathways, including production of hormones and neurotransmitters involved in mood regulation. Magnesium deficiency has been associated with depression, but clinical trials on magnesium as an intervention for active depression are limited. The first clinical trial on magnesium for depression in the United States was conducted by researchers Tarleton et al and published in 2017.
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